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In sensor network applications, sensor nodes need to collect dataperiodically and transmit them to the data sink through multi-hops. The sensornodes are uniformly and independently distributed in a sensor field. Eachsensor node is aware of its own geographic location. The data collected by each sensor is communicated through thenetwork to a single processing center that uses the data. Clustering sensorsinto groups such that sensors communicate information only to cluster-heads andthen the cluster-heads communicate the aggregated information to the processingcenter, saving energy and bandwidth. The cost of transmitting a bit is higherthan a computation; therefore, it may be beneficial to organize the sensorsinto clusters. Cluster-based controlstructure provides more efficient use of resources in wireless sensor networks.
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