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Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
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In
this project I have done simulation of frequency hopping spread spectrum in
matlab. I have demonstrated how a frequency hoped signal will look like and all
the necessary steps that are required to make a signal hopping from frequency
to frequency.
In a FHSS(FREQUENCY HOPPING SPREAD SPECTRUM) system, a
transmitter "hops" between available frequencies according to a
specified algorithm, which can be either random or preplanned. The transmitter
operates in synchronization with a receiver, which remains tuned to the same
center frequency as the transmitter. A short burst of data is transmitted on a
narrowband. Then, the transmitter tunes to another frequency and transmits
again.
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Implementation 16 QAM Base Band Communication Syst
no vote
This Project will
focus on the Design and Simulation of 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM),
demodulation, constellations plot for visualizing communications signals as
well as error rates computation of the digital system designed.
QAM is a method for using a single channel as
two separate channels that are orthogonal to each other. The information is
divided into Inphase and Quadrature components. The outputs of both modulators
are algebraically summed and the result is then transmitted. Due to the
orthogonal characteristics of the two channels, the Inter Symbol Interference,
ISI between the Inphase and the Quadrature components is reduced. This ensures
the transmission with reduced probability of bit error, which is the desired
objective for the establishment of error free communication system.
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Pulse-code modulation
no vote
Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a digital
representation of an analog signal where the magnitude of the signal is sampled
regularly at uniform intervals, then quantized to a series of symbols in a
digital (usually binary) code. PCM has been used in digital telephone systems
and is also the standard form for digital audio in computers and the compact
disc red book format. It is also standard in digital video, for example, using
ITU-R BT.601. However, straight PCM is not typically used for video in consumer
applications such as DVD or DVR because it requires too high a bit rate. Very
frequently, PCM encoding facilitates digital transmission from one point to
another (within a given system, or geographically) in serial form.
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Delta Modulation
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Incremental modulation (DM or Δ modulation) is a kind of analog to digital and digital to digital conversion technology, which is not the most important for the transmission quality of voice information. DM is the simplest form of differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) where the difference between successive samples is encoded into an n-bit data stream. In incremental modulation, the transmitted data is reduced to 1 bit data stream. Its main features are as follows
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4B/5B Encoding Schemes
no vote
In
4B/5B, each group of four bits is represented as a five-bit symbol, which is
then associated with a
bit pattern, which in turn is encoded using a standard
method, often NRZI (non-return to zero inverted).
4B/5B
is designed to limit the number of consecutive zeroes, and is used by
100Base-FX networks
to achieve a 100Mbps data transmission rate.
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Simulation of CDMA Transmitter And Receiver
no vote
Code division multiple access ( CDMA ) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies.
CDMA is an example of shi518947 2016-08-23
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Linear Predictive Coding (LPC)
no vote
The speech signal for
telecommunication purposes, can be defined as the time varying electrical
waveform, resulting from the output of a transducer. The transducer transforms
the acoustic pressure wave resulting from the human speech production
mechanism, into a time varying voltage or current representing our speech
signal. Speech processing can be defined as the mathematical manipulation of
the digitised version of this signal. Speech processing can be
divided into three main
areas: speech coding, speech synthesis and speech recognition.
Source coding can be defined
as representing analog waveforms by a sequence of binary digits. The simplest
of the codec systems consists of a sampler and an instantaneous quantiser, taking
each sample of the waveform and representing every a
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Phase Locked Loop
no vote
A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a closed-loop feedback control system that generates and outputs a signal in relation to the frequency and phase of an input ("reference") signal. A phase-locked loop circuit responds to both the frequency and the phase of the input signals, automatically raising or lowering the frequency of a controlled oscillator until it is matched to the reference in both frequency and phase.
This type of mechanism is widely used in radio, telecommunications, computers and other electronic applications where it is desired to stabilize a generated signal or to detect signals in the presence of noise. Since an integrated circuit can hold a compl
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