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Even parity check
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In digital transmission system, an error occurs when a bit is altered between sender and
receiver; that is a binary 1 is transmitted and a binary 0 is received, or a vice versa. Two general
types of errors can occur: single-bit error and burst errors [1]. Several error detection techniques
have been introduced to detect errors such as parity check (single or 2-dimensional), cyclic
redundancy check (CRC), and etc.
A parity bit is an extra 0 or 1
attached to a byte to help detect if an error has occurred. With even parity, each byte together
with its parity bit will contain an even number of 1s. If the byte itself contains an odd number of
1s, then the parity bit is set to 1, to make the total number even. Otherwise the parity bit is set to
0. Obviously, if any one of the bits gets flipped, the number of 1s will be odd and we can
determine that the byte contains an error [2]. The following figure describes the 2-dimens
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CGPA Calculator
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The CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average} is the cumulative aggregation of your GPA of all semesters you have studied. Divide the total points by the total credits taken to get your semester grade point average. GPA: Divide the total points by the total credits taken to obtain your semester grade point average.
*Grade Point Average Terminolog
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