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The conversion of gray value of each pixel from analog to discrete is called image gray quantization. Quantization is the discretization of the image amplitude coordinates, which determines the amplitude resolution of the image. The quantization methods include layered quantization, uniform quantization and non-uniform quantization. Layered quantization is to divide the continuous gray value of each discrete sample into only a limited number of levels; uniform quantization is to divide the gray level of the original image from the darkest to the brightest into a limited number of levels, if the uneven stratification is used, it is called non-uniform quantization. When the number of sampling points is fixed, the image quality is different with different quantization levels. The more the quantization level is, the better the image quality is; the less the quantization level is, the worse the image quality is. The extreme case of small quantization level is binary image.
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